Push or Pull Configuration in UAVs and its Effects on Aerodynamics, Cooling, and Engine Integration

The choice between a push-propeller or pull-propeller configuration is one of the fundamental decisions in the development of UAV platforms. It affects not only the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft, but also the thermal load on the engine, the integration options for sensors and payloads, and the longterm reliability of the entire propulsion system. Particularly for tactical UAVs, ISR platforms, or systems optimised for long-range flights, the positioning of the propeller becomes a central factor in the overall design. While the pull configuration, also known as tractor configuration, positions the propeller at the front of the UAV and pulls the aircraft through the air, the push configuration places the propeller at the rear and pushes the platform forward. Both designs have specific advantages and disadvantages that depend heavily on the mission profile, the desired sensor integration, and the thermal requirements of the engine.